The Qur’anic Refutation of the Solar System of the Astrologer-Astronomers

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A stationary Earth and moving sun was the consensus of the Muslims and the People of the Book prior to the Astrologer-astronomer Copernicus (d. 1543) and likewise for some time after him. This consensus is mentioned by Imam al-Qurtubi (may Allah have mercy on him) who said in his tafsir: “That which the Muslims and the People of the Book are upon is the statement of the Earth standing still at rest and its being stretched out [as an expanse] and that any motion [it undergoes] is due only to an e